Tajweed Rules

Idh-har (Clarity)

Pronounce the Noon clearly when followed by throat letters: ء ه ع ح غ خ

Idgham (Merging)

Merge the Noon into the following letter when followed by: ي ر م ل و ن

Iqlab (Conversion)

Convert the Noon to Meem sound when followed by ب

Ikhfa (Concealment)

Partially conceal the Noon when followed by remaining 15 letters

Madd Asli (Natural)

Elongate for 2 counts: vowel followed by its corresponding letter (ا و ي)

Madd Muttasil

Elongate for 4–5 counts: Madd letter followed by Hamzah in same word

Madd Munfasil

Elongate for 4–5 counts: Madd letter at end of word, Hamzah at start of next

Madd Lazim

Elongate for 6 counts: Madd letter followed by shaddah or sukoon

Qalqalah Letters

The five letters: ق ط ب ج د — produce an echo when saakin

Qalqalah Sughra

Minor Qalqalah: letter is saakin in the middle of a word

Qalqalah Kubra

Major Qalqalah: stopping on a letter with Qalqalah at end of Ayah

Tafkheem (Heavy)

Heavy pronunciation for: خ ص ض غ ط ق ظ and the letter ر in certain conditions

Tarqeeq (Light)

Light pronunciation applies to all other letters and ر in specific conditions

Lam of Allah

Lam in Allah's name is heavy (Tafkheem) after Fatha/Damma, light after Kasra